Colony counts of L. pneumophila in the biofilm on pPVC (A) and in the water (B) in the columns operated at a constant temperature ranging from 38°C to 41°C. Colony counts below the detection level in water (3.3 CFU ml−1) are shown as 1 CFU ml−1. Symbols are as follows: ○, 38°C; ●, 39°C; □, 40°C; ■, 40.5°C; △, 41°C.