Table 2.
Epigenetic activity elicited by quercetin.
| Epigenetic activity | Specific outcome | Experimental model | Concentration/dose | Exposure time | Analytical method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA methylation | DNMT inhibition | In vitro reaction | IC50 = 1.6 μM | 30 m | 3H-radioactivity assay | Lee et al. (107) |
| DNMT inhibition | Human PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines | 12 μM | 24, 48, and 72 h | Colorimetric assay | Sharma et al. (108) | |
| CpG demethylation | Human PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells | 12 μM | 48 h | Bisulfite sequencing | Sharma et al. (108) | |
| CpG demethylation | Human RKO colon cancer cells | 1 μM | 120 h | MSP | Tan et al. (109) | |
| CpG demethylation | Human 9706 esophageal cancer cells | 40 μM (nanoliposomal delivery) | 48 h | MSP | Zheng et al. (110) | |
| Histone modification | H3 acetylation | Human HL-60 leukemia cells | 75 and 100 μM | 3, 6, and 12 h | Western blot and ChIP assay | Lee et al. (111) |
| HAT activation/HDAC inhibition | Human HL-60 leukemia cells | 100 μM | 6 h | Colorimetric assay | Lee et al. (111) | |
| HDAC inhibition | Human 9706 esophageal cancer cells | 40 μM (nanoliposomal delivery) | 48 h | Immunocytochemical assay | Zheng et al. (110) | |
| HDAC inhibition | Human HepG2 liver cancer cells | 40 and 80 μM (nanoparticle delivery) | 24 h | Colorimetric assay and Western blot | Bishayee et al. (112) | |
| Micro-RNA expression | miR-155 downregulation | Murine RAW264.7 macrophages | 10 μM quercetin and 10 μM isorhamnetin | 6 h | Two-step RT-PCR | Boesch-Saadatmandi et al. (113) |
| Hepatic miR-125b and miR-122 upregulation | C57B6/j mice | 2 mg/g enriched diet | 6 weeks | Two-step RT-PCR | Boesch-Saadatmandi (114) | |
| Hepatic upregulation of miR-467b, miR-374*, miR-30c-1, miR-450a-5p, miR-30b*, miR-197, miR-137, miR-466c-5p, miR-335-5p, miR-10b, miR-29a*, miR-196a, miR-7b, miR-190, miR-335-3p, miR196b, let-7c-2* and downregulation of miR-671-5p, miR-878-3p, miR-466f-3p, miR-486, miR-451, miR-144, miR-291b-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-296-5p, miR290-3p, let-7f*, miR-429, miR-298, let-7b* | Apo E−/− mice | 30 mg/day supplemental | 2 weeks | Microarray analysis | Milenkovic et al. (115) |
Compilation of studies documenting quercetin’s effect on epigenetic activity.