Table 10.
Down-regulation of PARP, STAT3 and MMPs by C. speciosus active ingredients.
| Mechanism | Ingredients | Cell | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PARP cleavage | Costunolide | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [27] |
| Human bladder carcinoma (T24) | [6] | ||
| Human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) | [54] | ||
| Diosgenin | Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [44] | |
| Human lung carcinoma (A549) | [40] | ||
| Lupeol | Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | [47] | |
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) | [55] | ||
| Human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) | [58] | ||
| Human prostate cancer (CWR22Rnu1) | [108] | ||
| Melanoma (451Lu) | [33] | ||
| Zerumbone | Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | [49] | |
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | |||
| Human renal carcinoma (786-0) | [51] | ||
| Human renal carcinoma (769-P) | |||
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4) | [48] | ||
| Down-regulation of STAT3 | Diosgenin | hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | [113] |
| Lupeol | Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | [56] | |
| Human liver hepatoma (PLC/PRF5) | |||
| Human hepatoma-derived (C3A) | |||
| Hepatocarcinoma (HUH-7) | |||
| Human hepatoma (Hep3B) | |||
| Zerumbone | Human prostate cancer (DU145) | [101] | |
| Breast cancer cells | [114] | ||
| Down-regulation of MMP-2 | Diosgenin | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [87] |
| Lupeol | Prostate cancer (CaP) | [115] | |
| Down-regulation of MMP-3 | Zerumbone | Breast cancer (Hs578T) | [116] |
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Down-regulation of MMP-9 | Costunolide | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [27] |
| Diosgenin | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [87] | |
| Lupeol | Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC-SD) | [95] |