Table 2.
Up-regulation of caspases by C. speciosus active ingredients.
| Mechanism | Ingredients | Cell | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up-regulation of caspase-3 | Camphene | Murine melanoma cell (B16F10-Nex2) | [34] |
| Human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2) | [35] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (SW-480) | |||
| Costunolide | Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | [36] | |
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [27] | ||
| Human bladder carcinoma (T24) | [6] | ||
| Ovarian cancer (MPSC1) | [37] | ||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) | |||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) | |||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [38] | ||
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Diosgenin | Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [39] | |
| Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | |||
| Human osteosarcoma (1547) | [21] | ||
| Cervix carcinoma (HEp-2) | |||
| Human melanoma (M4Beu) | |||
| Human lung carcinoma (A549) | [40] | ||
| Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [41] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | [42] | ||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | |||
| Human hepatoma (Bel-7402) | [28] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | |||
| Human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) | [43] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep2) | |||
| Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [44] | ||
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [29] | ||
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) | [45] | ||
| Up-regulation of caspase-3 | Lupeol | Melanoma (451Lu) | [33] |
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | [46] | ||
| Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | [47] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Zerumbone | Acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4) | [48] | |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | [49] | ||
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | |||
| Human T-cell (Jurkat) | [50] | ||
| Human lung cancer (NSCLC) | [24] | ||
| Human renal carcinoma (786-0) | [51] | ||
| Human renal carcinoma (769-P) | |||
| Human brain malignant glioma (GBM8401) | [52] | ||
| Human pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) | [25] | ||
| Human epithelioid cervical carcinoma (HeLa) | [53] | ||
| leaves methanol extract | Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | [4] | |
| Up-regulation of caspase-7 | Camphene | Human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2) | [35] |
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (SW-480) | |||
| Costunolide | Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | [36] | |
| Human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) | [54] | ||
| Human neuroblastoma (NB-39) | |||
| Human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) | |||
| Human neuroblastoma (LA-N-1) | |||
| Up-regulation of caspase-6 | Costunolide | Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | [36] |
| Up-regulation of caspase-8 | Costunolide | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [27] |
| Ovarian cancer (MPSC1) | [37] | ||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) | |||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) | |||
| Diosgenin | Human lung carcinoma (A549) | [40] | |
| Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [41] | ||
| Human hepatoma (Bel-7402) | [28] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | |||
| Lupeol | Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) | [55] | |
| Zerumbone | Acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4) | [48] | |
| Up-regulation of caspase-9 | Costunolide | Ovarian cancer (MPSC1) | [37] |
| Human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) | |||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) | |||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [38] | ||
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Diosgenin | Human lung carcinoma (A549) | [40] | |
| Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [41] | ||
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [39] | ||
| Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | |||
| Human hepatoma (Bel-7402) | [28] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | |||
| Lupeol | Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | [56] | |
| Zerumbone | Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | [49] | |
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | |||
| Human T-cell (Jurkat) | [50] | ||
| Human lung cancer (NSCLC) | [24] | ||
| Human renal carcinoma (786-0) | [51] | ||
| Human renal carcinoma (769-P) | |||
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4) | [48] |