Table 4.
Up-regulation of antioxidant status by C. speciosus active ingredients.
| Mechanism | Ingredients | Cell | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intracellular thiols depletion | Costunolide | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [26] |
| Human prostate cancer (DU-145) | |||
| Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | |||
| Up-regulation of 5-LOX | Diosgenin | Human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) | [61] |
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) | |||
| Up-regulation of COX-2 | Diosgenin | Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) | [61] |
| Human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) | |||
| Human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) | [62] | ||
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) | |||
| ROS generation | Costunolide | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [27] |
| Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | [36] | ||
| Human bladder carcinoma (T24) | [6] | ||
| Ovarian cancer (MPSC1) | [37] | ||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) | |||
| Human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) | |||
| Diosgenin | Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [29] | |
| Lupeol | Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | [63] | |
| Human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) | [58] | ||
| Zerumbone | Human lung cancer (NSCLC) | [24] | |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | [49] | ||
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | |||
| Human colon carcinoma (HCT116) | [64] | ||
| Human pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) | [25] | ||
| α-Humulene | Human colon carcinoma (CaCo-2) | [65] | |
| β-amyrin | Human bladder carcinoma (NTUB1) | [66] |