Table 7.
Down-regulation of cell cycle components by C. speciosus active ingredients.
| Mechanism | Ingredients | Cell | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Down-regulation of cdc25B | Lupeol | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [96] |
| Zerumbone | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [60] | |
| Human prostate cancer (DU-145) | |||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [97] | ||
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | |||
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Down-regulation of cdc42 | Diosgenin | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [98] |
| Down-regulation of cdk 1 | Zerumbone | Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [97] |
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Down-regulation of cdk 2 | Diosgenin | Human breast carcinoma (BCa) | [92] |
| Lupeol | Melanoma (451Lu) | [33] | |
| Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | [99] | ||
| Human prostate cancer (DU145) | |||
| Down-regulation of cdk 4 | Diosgenin | Human breast carcinoma (BCa) | [92] |
| Down-regulation of cyclin A | Lupeol | Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | [99] |
| Human prostate cancer (DU145) | |||
| Down-regulation of cyclin B | Lupeol | Swiss albino mice | [100] |
| Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [96] | ||
| Down-regulation of cyclin B1 | Diosgenin | Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [29] |
| Lupeol | Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | [99] | |
| Human prostate cancer (DU145) | |||
| Zerumbone | Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [97] | |
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4) | [48] | ||
| Down-regulation of cyclin D1 | Diosgenin | Human breast carcinoma (BCa) | [92] |
| Lupeol | Melanoma (451Lu) | [33] | |
| Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | [99] | ||
| Human prostate cancer (DU145) | |||
| Human osteosarcoma cells (MNNG/HOS) | [31] | ||
| Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) | |||
| Human pancreatic cancer (PCNA-1) | [32] | ||
| Down-regulation of cyclin D2 | Lupeol | Melanoma (451Lu) | [33] |
| Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | [99] | ||
| Human prostate cancer (DU145) | |||
| Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | |||
| Human prostate cancer (DU145) | |||
| G0/G1 phase arrest | Lupeol | Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) | [31] |
| Human osteosarcoma cells (MNNG/HOS) | |||
| Human pancreatic cancer (PCNA-1) | [32] | ||
| Zerumbone | Human prostate cancer (DU145) | [101] | |
| Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | |||
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) | [102] | ||
| G1 phase arrest | Costunolide | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [26] |
| Human prostate cancer (DU-145) | |||
| Human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) | |||
| Diosgenin | Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [103] | |
| Human osteosarcoma (1547) | [23] | ||
| Human breast carcinoma (BCa) | [92] | ||
| G1/S phase arrest | Lupeol | Melanoma (451Lu) | [33] |
| G2/M phase arrest | Costunolide | Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | [27] |
| Human bladder carcinoma (T24) | [6] | ||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [38] | ||
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Diosgenin | Human erythroleukemia (HEL) | [57] | |
| Human hepatoma (Bel-7402) | [28] | ||
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | |||
| Human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) | |||
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [39] | ||
| Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) | |||
| Human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K562) | [29] | ||
| Lupeol | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) | [96] | |
| Zerumbone | Human ovarian cancer (Caov-3) | [104] | |
| Human epithelioid cervical carcinoma (HeLa) | [104] | ||
| Human colorectal cancer (CRC) | [105] | ||
| Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) | [102] | ||
| Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) | [97] | ||
| Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) | |||
| Acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4) | [48] |