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. 2016 Sep 30;13(10):970. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13100970

Table 7.

Lead leaching concentration (LLC) prediction.

Item Diameter Pipe/Fitting Length (m) Wetted Surface Area (m2) Ratio Wetted Surface Area US/Canada Australia/New Zealand
N × NF LLi LLi × Ratio Wetted Surface Area N × NF LLi LLi × Ratio Wetted Surface Area
AB 150 Pipe 152 71,628.5 0.5421 4.18 2.09 1.1330 47.752 47,752.3 258.868
A1 150 Elbow 0.267 125.8 0.0010 1 0.50 0.0005 0.084 83.9 0.001
CD 150 Pipe 15 7068.6 0.0535 0.41 0.21 0.0110 4.712 4712.4 2.521
C1 150 Elbow 0.3 141.4 0.0011 1 0.50 0.0005 0.094 94.2 0.001
C2 150 Elbow 0.3 141.4 0.0011 1 0.50 0.0005 0.094 94.2 0.001
DE 150 Pipe 4 1885.0 0.0143 0.11 0.06 0.0008 1.257 1256.6 0.179
D1 150 Valve 0.267 125.8 0.0010 1 0.50 0.0005 0.084 83.9 0.001
EF 150 Pipe 10 4712.4 0.0357 0.28 0.14 0.0049 3.142 3141.6 1.120
E1 150 Valve 0.267 125.8 0.0010 1 0.50 0.0005 0.084 83.9 0.001
E2 150 Elbow 0.3 141.4 0.0011 1 0.50 0.0005 0.094 94.2 0.001
FG 150 Pipe 38 17,907.1 0.1355 1.05 0.52 0.0708 11.938 11,938.1 16.179
F1 150 Valve 0.267 125.8 0.0010 1 0.50 0.0005 0.084 83.9 0.001
F2 150 Socket 0.267 125.8 0.0010 1 0.50 0.0005 0.084 83.9 0.001
GH 100 Pipe 38 11,938.1 0.0904 1.05 0.52 0.0472 7.959 7958.7 7.191
G1 100 Elbow 0.2 62.8 0.0005 1 0.50 0.0002 0.042 41.9 2.0 × 10−4
HI 100 Pipe 38 11,938.1 0.0904 10.64 5.32 0.4808 7.959 7958.7 7.191
H1 100 Elbow 0.2 62.8 0.0005 1 0.50 2.4 × 10−4 0.042 41.9 2.0 × 10−4
IJ 100 Pipe 4 1256.6 0.0095 0.11 0.06 5.2 × 10−4 0.838 837.8 8.0 × 10−2
I1 100 Elbow 0.2 62.8 0.0005 1 0.50 2.4 × 10−4 0.042 41.9 2.0 × 10−4
I2 100 Valve 0.203 63.8 0.0005 1 0.50 2.4 × 10−4 0.043 42.5 2.1 × 10−4
I3 100 Socket 0.203 63.8 0.0005 1 0.50 2.4 × 10−4 0.043 42.5 2.1 × 10−4
JK 25 Pipe 15 1178.1 0.0089 0.08 0.04 3.7 × 10−4 0.785 785.4 7.0 × 10−2
J1 25 Valve 0.165 13.0 0.0001 1 0.50 4.9 × 10−5 0.009 8.6 8.5 × 10−6
J2 25 Elbow 0.05 3.9 0.0000 1 0.50 1.5 × 10−5 0.003 2.6 7.8 × 10−7
J3 25 Elbow 0.05 3.9 0.0000 1 0.50 1.5 × 10−5 0.003 2.6 7.8 × 10−7
KL 25 Pipe 15 1178.1 0.0089 0.41 0.21 1.8 × 10−3 0.785 785.4 0.070
K1 25 Valve 0.165 13.0 0.0001 1 0.50 4.9 × 10−5 0.009 8.6 8.5 × 10−6
K2 25 Elbow 0.05 3.9 0.0000 1 0.50 1.5 × 10−5 0.003 2.6 7.8 × 10−7
K3 25 Elbow 0.05 3.9 0.0000 1 0.50 1.5 × 10−5 0.003 2.6 7.8 × 10−7
K4 25 Cold Water Faucet 0.165 13.0 0.0001 1 0.50 4.9 × 10−5 0.009 8.6 8.5 × 10−6
Misc 87 Solder 0.058 15.9 0.0001 1 0.50 6.0 × 10−5 0.011 10.6 1.3 × 10−5
LCC (ug/L) 1.76 - 293.5

Remarks: LLi was estimated based on Equation (3).