Table 1.
Trends of tobacco control policy by country income category and year. Measurements as ‘n or mean% (range)’ as indicated. Per income category, full range (0%–100%) assumed unless otherwise indicated.
| 2007 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | p-Value for Temporal Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income Category, n (# with combined PS) | 181 (142) | 194 (177) | 194 (170) | 194 (181) | 195 (185) | |
| -Least Developed Countries | 47 (36) | 51 (42) | 51 (41) | 51 (47) | 52 (47) | |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 32 (28) | 34 (33) | 34 (32) | 34 (33) | 34 (33) | |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 53 (38) | 57 (56) | 57 (51) | 57 (54) | 57 (55) | |
| -High Income Countries | 49 (40) | 52 (46) | 52 (46) | 52 (47) | 52 (50) | |
| Tax, mean% (range) | 59 (3–100) | 66 (3–100) | 68 (3–100) | 68 (4–100) | 70 (0–100) | 0.002 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 47 (3–100) | 49 (10–100) | 49 (5–100) | 48 (4–100) | 49 (0–100) | 0.875 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 49 (11–90) | 57 (22–100) | 60 (22–100) | 61 (23–100) | 65 (23–100) | 0.011 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 59 (3–100) | 69 (3–100) | 72 (3–100) | 74 (4–100) | 76 (7–100) | 0.003 |
| -High Income Countries | 76 (14–99) | 85 (26–100) | 85 (20–100) | 84 (29–100) | 85 (28–100) | 0.164 |
| Advertising, mean% (range) | 36 (0–100) | 39 (0–100) | 41 (0–100) | 57 (0–100) | 62 (0–100) | 0.000 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 33 | 34 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 0.002 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 32 | 35 | 41 | 55 | 60 | <0.001 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 37 | 40 | 41 | 61 | 69 | <0.001 |
| -High Income Countries | 41 (0–71) | 45 (0–86) | 47 | 62 | 66 | <0.001 |
| Promotion, mean% (range) | 35 (0–100) | 41 (0–100) | 39 (0–100) | 41 (0–100) | 45 (0–100) | 0.021 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 32 | 35 | 33 | 33 | 38 | 0.632 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 27 | 31 | 38 | 40 | 44 | 0.028 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 31 | 43 | 38 | 48 | 52 | 0.006 |
| -High Income Countries | 48 | 50 | 45 | 43 | 45 | 0.400 |
| Smoke free area, mean% (range ) | 36 (0–100) | 28 (0–100) | 35 (0–100) | 40 (0–100) | 43 (0–100) | <0.001 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 36 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 31 | 0.830 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 30 (0–88) | 30 | 41 | 50 | 50 | <0.001 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 30 | 30 | 40 | 49 | 55 | <0.001 |
| -High Income Countries | 45 | 29 | 34 | 37 | 39 | 0.986 |
| Packaging, mean% (range) | 34 (0–100) | 38 (0–100) | 45 (0–100) | 53 (0–100) | 59 (0–100) | <0.001 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 21 | 19 | 27 | 33 | 42 | <0.001 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 33 | 37 | 42 | 54 | 60 | 0.001 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 32 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 64 | <0.001 |
| -High Income Countries | 48 | 54 | 59 | 69 | 70 | <0.001 |
| Cessation, mean% (range) | 51 (0–100) | 48 (0–100) | 54 (0–100) | 53 (0–100) | 52 (0–100) | 0.445 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 20 | 16 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 0.291 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 48 | 46 | 54 | 51 | 46 | 0.944 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 53 | 49 | 55 | 53 | 57 | 0.332 |
| -High Income Countries | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 78 | 0.585 |
| Governmental Objectives on Tobacco Control, mean% (range) | 57 (0–100) | 69 (0–100) | 73 (0–100) | 77 (0–100) | 89 (0–100) | <0.001 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 38 | 53 | 59 | 67 | 78 | <0.001 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 68 | 76 | 85 | 88 | 91 | 0.007 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 53 | 70 | 75 | 73 | 88 | <0.001 |
| -High Income Countries | 72 | 79 | 79 | 83 | 98 | 0.001 |
| Combined policy score, mean% (range) | 47 (3–91) | 48 (2–94) | 52 (3–96) | 56 (3–98) | 61 (4–100) | <0.001 |
| By Income Category | ||||||
| -Least Developed Countries | 34 (3–85) | 32 (2–82) | 38 (3–84) | 40 (3–80) | 45 (4–86) | 0.006 |
| -Lower Middle Income Countries | 42 (14–89) | 45 (16–87) | 52 (28–78) | 58 (21–92) | 59 (21–90) | <0.001 |
| -Upper Middle Income Countries | 46 (5–85) | 49 (7–93) | 53 (7–96) | 60 (10–98) | 66 (11–100) | <0.001 |
| -High Income Countries | 62 (7–91) | 62 (7–94) | 63 (6–92) | 67 (11–90) | 70 (23–93) | 0.012 |
Bold values is the significant p-values.