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. 2016 Oct 31;6:36085. doi: 10.1038/srep36085

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) The LIM is composed of two parts, namely, SIM and MAC. (b) Confocal image of the SIM, which consists of slit-shaped pores, a base part, and a thick frame. (c) A typical SEM image of the SIM surface. Rounded grooves of a hundred-nanometer scale were formed. Water molecules accumulate in the grooves and the air-water interface generates negative Laplace pressure. (d) 3D structure of the macroporous MAC visualized through an X-ray micro-imaging technique. (e) Initial state of the dehydrated MAC. (f) As water was supplied to the MAC, air spaces inside the gel were rapidly filled with water. (g) Comparison of the evaporation flow rates and pumping flow rates of the agarose gel pump and the LIM.