Figure 7. Apoptotic effect of compound 1 involved the induction of ROS generation, ER stress and DNA damage in Molt 4 cells.

(A,C) Effect of 1 on ROS generation and calcium accumulation. Cells were treated with 1 (0.0625 μg/mL) for the indicated times. Quantitative results showed a gradual increase in the ROS production or calcium accumulation in response to the 1 treatment when compared with the control group. (***p < 0.001); (B,D) Cells were harvested and lysates were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting for ER- or apoptosis-related proteins. GAPDH was used as the loading control. The full length blots of caspase 9, 8 and 3 expression are supplied in Supplementary data Fig. S21 (E) An example of “comet tail” due to chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks in 1 (0.0625 μg/mL)-treated Molt 4 cells compared to the untreated control. Electrophoresis was carried out under neutral conditions. Quantitative results showed a gradual increase in tail movement upon 1 treatment for indicated time when compared with the control. Results are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (*p < 0.05).