Fig. 2.

Identification and characterization of blood-residing CXCR5⁺CCR7^lowPD1^high and CXCR5⁺PD1⁺⁺⁺ cells in CD4⁺ T cells from children with or without ongoing islet autoimmunity or with new onset T1D. (A) Identification of CD4⁺CD45RA⁻CXR5⁺CCR7^lowPD1^high T cells (Upper) and CXCR5⁺PD1⁻, CXCR5⁺PD1⁺, and CXCR5⁺PD1⁺⁺⁺ T cells (Lower). (Lower Right) Histogram indicates ICOS expression levels in the PD1⁻ subset (light gray line, plot filled), PD1⁺ subset 1 (gray line, plot unfilled), and PD1⁺⁺⁺ subset 2 (black line). (B) Summary graphs for the frequencies of circulating CD4⁺CD45RA⁻CXR5⁺CCR7^lowPD1^high T cells (no autoimmunity, n = 9; recent onset of autoimmunity, n = 5; persistent autoimmunity, n = 4; long-term autoimmunity, n = 5; new onset T1D, n = 5). Data represent the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01. (C) Summary graphs for the frequencies of circulating CD4⁺CD45RA⁻CXR5⁺PD1⁺⁺⁺ T cells (no autoimmunity, n = 8; recent onset of autoimmunity, n = 5; persistent autoimmunity, n = 4; long-term autoimmunity, n = 5; new onset T1D, n = 5). Data represent the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. (D, Upper) Identification of CD4⁺CD45RA⁻CXCR5⁺PD1⁺⁺⁺ T cells from children with or without pre-T1D (no autoimmunity, recent activation of autoimmunity, and long-term autoimmunity). (D, Lower) Histograms indicate ICOS expression levels in CXCR5⁺PD1⁻, CXCR5⁺PD1⁺, and CXCR5⁺PD1⁺⁺⁺ subsets. (D, Lower Right) Summary graph shows ICOS MFIs, dependent on the PD1 expression levels. Data represent the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01.