Table S1.

Summary of data for ethnolinguistic groups in Central California, including rates of violence (CCBD cal 1530–230 BP), territory size, population density, environmental productivity, and political complexity

Ethnographic group	Total number of burials assessed for sharp force trauma	Proportion with evidence for sharp force trauma	Total number of burials assessed for blunt force trauma	Proportion with evidence for blunt force trauma	Area of territory (km2)	Population density (people per km2)*	Mean net primary productivity*	Political leadership (PPO 332)†	Political organization (PPO 334)‡
Bay Miwok	262	0.08	225	0.03	636	0.25	0.54	3	2
Central Sierra Miwok	11	0.09	11	0.00	4,322	0.26	0.48	3	1
Coast Miwok	31	0.13	35	0.14	3,540	0.54	1.14	2	2
Costanoan	2,177	0.05	2,239	0.04	15,373	0.93	0.8	2	2
Hill Nomlaki	89	0.03	92	0.01	5,422	0.35	0.66	3	2
Hill Patwin	37	0.14	34	0.00	5,061	0.82	0.62	3	2
Konkow	127	0.06	122	0.05	5,746	0.82	0.61	6	2
Nisenan	60	0.23	46	0.00	11,009	0.4	0.53	3	3
Northeastern Maidu	9	0.22	9	0.00	8,564	0.24	0.44	3	2
Northern Sierra Miwok	60	0.07	65	0.00	5,193	0.26	0.48	3	1
Northern Valley Yokuts	188	0.05	202	0.06	17,374	0.22	0.47	3	2
Plains Miwok	343	0.16	321	0.06	3,722	0.76	0.55	3	2
River Nomlaki	7	0.00	7	0.29	5,422	0.35	0.66	3	2
River Patwin	63	0.38	62	0.05	2,184	0.82	0.62	3	2
Southern Patwin	288	0.03	299	0.02	3,261	0.82	0.62	3	2
Southern Sierra Miwok	139	0.27	130	0.02	3,916	0.26	0.48	3	1
Wappo	1	0.00	0	NA	1,265	1.21	1.03	3	2
Wintu	6	0.00	7	0.29	9,480	0.59	0.77	3	2
Yana	41	0.05	41	0.12	5,865	0.31	0.59	3	2
Total	3,939		3,947

NA, not applicable.

^*Source: Codding and Jones (32), except territory area for Miwok subdivided after Kroeber (44) and for Patwin after Kroeber (45).

^†All coding from Jorgenson (33, p. 610) except Bay and Plains Miwok from Levy (49), Coast Miwok from Kelly (50), and Costanoan from Harrington (51).

^‡All coding from Jorgenson (33, p. 611) except Bay and Plains Miwok from Levy (49), Coast Miwok from Kelly (50), and Costanoan from Levy (52).