Table S1.
Baseline characteristics and balance between treatment and control groups
| Variable | Control group | Treatment group | P value |
| Child is a boy | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.95 |
| Child’s age in 2013, y | 8.12 | 8.12 | 0.95 |
| Child immigrant | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.04** |
| Child living with both parents | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.20 |
| Child living with single parent | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.85 |
| Child living with parent in new relationship | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04** |
| Child not living with own parents | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.16 |
| Missing information about living arrangement | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.41 |
| No. of children in family | 2.45 | 2.40 | 0.33 |
| Mother compulsory education | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.29 |
| Mother upper secondary education | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.30 |
| Mother vocational education | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.89 |
| Mother short-cycle education | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.40 |
| Mother medium-cycle education | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.80 |
| Mother long-cycle education | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.44 |
| Mother no data on education | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.84 |
| Mother employed | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.49 |
| Mother unemployed | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.30 |
| Mother outside labor market | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Mother no data on employment | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.46 |
| Mother’s total income | 224,663 | 239,544 | 0.13 |
| Missing on mother total income | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.46 |
| Mother’s age in 2012, y | 38.23 | 38.27 | 0.88 |
| Missing on mother’s age | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 |
| Mother is teenager at date of birth | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.19 |
| Father compulsory education | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.90 |
| Father upper secondary education | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.94 |
| Father vocational education | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.34 |
| Father short-cycle education | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.56 |
| Father medium-cycle education | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.12 |
| Father long-cycle education | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.69 |
| Father no data on education | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.66 |
| Father employed | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.96 |
| Father unemployed | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.29 |
| Father outside labor market | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.26 |
| Father no data on employment | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.40 |
| Father’s total income | 335,907 | 346,477 | 0.53 |
| Missing on father total income | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.48 |
| Father’s age in 2012, y | 41.34 | 40.83 | 0.09* |
| Missing on father’s age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.40 |
| Father is teenager at date of birth | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.96 |
| Observations | 1,587 |
Note that P values are based on t test to test the difference between the two groups. Register data are from 2012. Two-sided test (*P < 0.1; **P < 0.05).