Table 1.
Sample | Reading test, 2 mo | Reading test, 7 mo | Writing test, 7 mo: NAP | ||||||
Total score | Language comprehension | Decoding | Text comprehension | Total score | Language comprehension | Decoding | Text comprehension | ||
All children | 0.257*** (0.0687) | 0.187*** (0.0684) | 0.231*** (0.0676) | 0.272*** (0.0661) | 0.121** (0.0575) | 0.0418 (0.0523) | 0.153** (0.0619) | 0.127** (0.0565) | 0.158* (0.0837) |
Subgroups | |||||||||
Danish background | 0.242*** (0.0751) | 0.144* (0.0738) | 0.222*** (0.0749) | 0.284*** (0.0731) | 0.104* (0.0623) | 0.0306 (0.0600) | 0.152** (0.0655) | 0.0940 (0.0626) | 0.144 (0.0896) |
Immigrant background | 0.335*** (0.113) | 0.413*** (0.119) | 0.268** (0.106) | 0.218* (0.115) | 0.203* (0.111) | 0.105 (0.122) | 0.162 (0.122) | 0.274** (0.110) | 0.250** (0.116) |
Mother high education | 0.223** (0.0902) | 0.179* (0.0904) | 0.193* (0.0978) | 0.225** (0.0847) | 0.0565 (0.0728) | −0.00901 (0.0644) | 0.104 (0.0847) | 0.0551 (0.0774) | 0.142 (0.105) |
Mother low education | 0.320*** (0.0870) | 0.223*** (0.0814) | 0.288*** (0.0839) | 0.346*** (0.0911) | 0.204*** (0.0746) | 0.119 (0.0758) | 0.222*** (0.0725) | 0.201*** (0.0730) | 0.193** (0.0816) |
SEs are clustered at the classroom level. Covariates and constants are included in all models. Two-sided test (*P < 0.1; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01). NAP, Narrative Assessment Protocol.