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. 2016 Oct 31;6:135. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00135

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Copyright © 2016 Luna-Pineda, Reyes-Grajeda, Cruz-Córdova, Saldaña-Ahuactzi, Ochoa, Maldonado-Bernal, Cázares-Domínguez, Moreno-Fierros, Arellano-Galindo, Hernández-Castro and Xicohtencatl-Cortes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fusion proteins activate IL-6 release. HTB5 cells were treated with 10 μg/mL of each fusion protein, and IL-6 release into the supernatant was detected by ELISA. Maximal induction of IL-6 was generated by the FCP protein, which exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.002) differences compared to the FC, FimH, CsgA, and PapG proteins. The FC protein also produced a significant increase (p ≤ 0.018) in IL-6 release compared to the FimH, CsgA, and PapG proteins. The bars represent the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. LPS and LTA (100 ng/mL) were used as controls.