TABLE 3.
Characteristics associated with the odds of a positive drug test, postdeployment follow-up window (6 mo to 3 yr), US Army enlisted personnel by component, Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat Study
| Characteristica | Multivariate Logistic Model Adjusted Odds Ratiob (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Active Duty Enlisted N=306,345 |
National Guard/Reserve Enlisted N=136,433 |
|
|
| ||
| Demographic | ||
|
| ||
| Gender | ||
| Female (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Male | 2.27 (2.05–2.51)* | 1.98 (1.76–2.23)* |
|
| ||
| Age | ||
| 17–24 (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25–29 | 0.69 (0.65–0.73)* | 0.74 (0.68–0.81)* |
| 30–39 | 0.36 (0.32–0.39)* | 0.41 (0.37–0.45)* |
| 40+ | 0.21 (0.16–0.26)* | 0.31 (0.27–0.36)* |
|
| ||
| Race | ||
| White (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Black | 1.71 (1.61–1.81)* | 2.01 (1.86–2.17)* |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.14 (1.07–1.22)* | 0.75 (0.60–0.92)* |
| Other/unknown | 0.82 (0.70–0.96)* | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) |
|
| ||
| Hispanic ethnicity | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 0.93 (0.87–1.01) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) |
|
| ||
| Marital status | ||
| Married/divorced/other (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Never married | 1.15 (1.09–1.22)* | 1.66 (1.53–1.81)* |
|
| ||
| Any child dependent receiving TRICARE benefits | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.08 (1.02–1.16)* | 1.13 (1.04–1.23)* |
|
| ||
| Education level | ||
| College degree (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Less than college degree | 2.96 (2.29–3.81)* | 4.23 (3.06–5.84)* |
|
| ||
| DoD occupation | ||
| Other occupation (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Combat specialist | 1.17 (1.11–1.23)* | 1.43 (1.34–1.52)* |
|
| ||
| Deployment | ||
|
| ||
| Fiscal year of begin date of index deployment | ||
| FY2007 or earlier | 10.44 (8.09–13.48)* | 4.04 (3.34–4.87)* |
| FY2008 | 8.54 (6.64–10.99)* | 4.16 (3.48–4.96)* |
| FY2009 | 5.47 (4.26–7.03)* | 3.39 (2.86–4.02)* |
| FY2010 | 2.27 (1.76–2.92)* | 1.56 (1.30–1.86)* |
| FY2011 (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
|
| ||
| Length of index deployment (months) | ||
| 1–11 (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 12 | 0.87 (0.82–0.92)* | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) |
| >12 | 0.80 (0.75–0.86)* | 0.67 (0.57–0.80)* |
|
| ||
| Dwell time under 12 months | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 1.55 (1.22–1.97)* |
| No prior deployment | 1.97 (1.85–2.09)* | 2.28 (2.09–2.50)* |
|
| ||
| Assigned to Warrior Transition Unit since start of index deployment | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.63 (1.47–1.80)* | 1.10 (0.95–1.28) |
a
Characteristic measured at beginning of FY2008–2011 index deployment, unless indicated.
b
Models also control for number of specimens tested, number of months between the ending of the index deployment and the last collection date, and region of residence.
CI = 95% confidence interval
*
Wald Chi-Square Test, p<0.05