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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 31.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2014 Mar 4;19(3):418–430. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.009

Figure 3. Mechanisms for the Relationship between Diet and Longevity.

Figure 3

(A) Response surfaces showing the effect of macronutrient intake on the concentration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)at 15 months (μg/ml). For each 2D slice, the third factor is at its median (shown below × axis in parenthesis).

(B) BCAAs in relation to dietary P:C ratio. Red curve is a fitted response by a GAM. Shadowed area shows 95% confidence interval of the fit.

(C) Response surfaces showing the effect of macronutrient intake on the concentration of insulin (ng/ml) at 15 months.

(D) Response surfaces showing the effect of macronutrient intake on mTOR activation (measured as the ratio of phosphorylated mTOR to total mTOR) in the liver at 15 months.

(E) Response surface showing the relationship between blood glucose, BCAA, and mTOR activation. The lowest activation state of mTOR is associated with a low ratio (blue line), and the highest activation state is associated with a high ratio (red line). See also Figure S3 and Table S5.