Table 1.

Notations.

Notation	Description
$HA$	Home agent
$FA$	Foreign agent
$MN$	Mobile node
$I{D}_X$	Identity of an entity $X$
$P{W}_{MN}$	Password of $MN$
$KFH$	Pre-shared secret key between $HA$ and $FA$
$K_X$	Secret key of an entity $X$
$n_X$	Random nonce generated by an entity $X$
$t_X$	Timestamp generated by an entity $X$
$E_K(.)/D_K(.)$	Symmetric encryption and decryption using a secret key $K$
$h(.)$	Collision free one-way hash function
$\left|\right|$	Concatenation
$\oplus$	Bit-wise exclusive-OR operation