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. 2016 Oct 14;16(10):1708. doi: 10.3390/s16101708

Table 3.

Scheme of the studies regarding the detection/identification of UTI.

Reference Number Main Author E-Nose Type Bacterial Species Culture Broths Incu-Bation Results
[53] Pavlou et al. BH114-Blood-hound Escherichia coli,
Proteus spp.,
Staphylococcus spp.		 Agar culture, brain heart infusion broth and cooked meat broth 4 h 1/2 37 °C
  • -

    GA-NN→prediction rate 100%,

  • -

    back propagation NN→prediction rate 98%
[54] Kodogiannis et al. BH114-Blood-hound Escherichia coli,
Proteus spp.,
Staphylococcus spp.		 brain heart infusion broth and bovine serum 5 h 37 °C fuzzy integral methodology: (Advanced NN)→accuracy 100%, sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, predictability 100%
[55] Roine et al. ChemPro 100i Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus saprophyticus,
Klebsiella species,
Enterococcus faecalis 		cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium (CLED) Agar no
  • -

    LR used for the discrimination of sterile and infected samples→sensitivity 95%, specificity 97%

  • -

    LDA used for the classification of four different bacteria and sterile culture plate→sensitivity 95%, specificity of 96%
[56] Kodogiannis et al. BH114-Blood-hound Escherichia coli,
Proteus spp.,
coagulase-Staphylococcus sp.		 brain heart infusion broth and bovine serum 5 h 37 °C
  • -

    fuzzy integral fusion method (NN)→accuracy 100%,sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, predictability, 100%

  • -

    adaptive-fuzzy-logic-system (AFLS) (NN)→prediction rate 92.86%
[57] Sabeel et al. Cyranose E-320 - - - -