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. 2016 Oct 1;9(10):1211–1220. doi: 10.1242/dmm.025536

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© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 3. — Cxcr4 expression in white blood cells and CXCL12 protein in serum of individuals with MS. (A) Cxcr4 mRNA was quantified by real-time PCR from white blood cells of individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS; gray bars, n=32), secondary chronic-progressive MS (SP-MS; black bars, n=22) and controls (white bars, n=25). Upregulation of Cxcr4 in both patient groups compared to controls was observed (ANOVA, *P<0.05). (B) CXCL12 serum levels were assessed by ELISA in individuals with RR-MS (gray bars, n=24), SP-MS (black bars, n=28) and controls (white bars, n=21). Increased serum levels of CXCL12 were measured in both MS groups compared to controls (ANOVA, *P<0.05). Quantitative PCR results are expressed as 2^−ΔΔCT values. Numbers are mean±s.e.m.