TABLE 2.

Effect by Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ, upon HOG cells major dhCer species

Treatment	Time (h)	dhCer Species
		C16:0-dhCer	C18:0-dhCer	C24:0-dhCer	C24:1-dhCer	Total dhCer
Control	6	1.8 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.03	0.3 ± 0.02	0.8 ± 0.1	4.9 ± 0.4
TNF-α + IFN-γ		2.4 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	6.8 ± 0.7
Control	24	1.5 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.03	0.3 ± 0.02	0.9 ± 0.1	4.8 ± 0.5
TNF-α + IFN-γ		2.7 ± 0.3a	0.6 ± 0.05b	0.9 ± 0.1b	1.5 ± 0.2	8.3 ± 1.0a
Control	48	0.9 ± 0.02	0.2 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.03	0.7 ± 0.03	3.6 ± 0.1
TNF-α + IFN-γ		3.1 ± 0.4c	0.6 ± 0.04c	1.3 ± 0.1c	2.2 ± 0.3c	9.9 ± 1.3c

Values are mean (expressed as pmol/mg of protein) ± SEM (N = 3).

^aP < 0.05 compared with control.

^bP < 0.01 compared with control.

^cP < 0.001 compared with control.