Table 7. Models One to Four of the multiple linear regression analysis based on a hierarchical approach.
| Model One | Model Two | Model Three | Model Four | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Variable | β coeff | 95%CI | p value | β coeff | 95%CI | p value | β coeff | 95%CI | p value | β coeff | 95%CI | p value | ||||
| 1 | Socio-economic status quintile | ||||||||||||||||
| - poorest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| - second poorest | 0.35 | -0.03 | 0.74 | 0.002 | -0.18 | -0.63 | 0.27 | 0.00 | -0.16 | -0.64 | 0.31 | 0.77 | -0.16 | -0.62 | 0.30 | 0.00 | |
| - middle | 0.47 | 0.10 | 0.85 | -0.21 | -0.63 | 0.20 | -0.22 | -0.63 | 0.19 | -0.20 | -0.58 | 0.17 | |||||
| - next richest | 0.74 | 0.35 | 1.12 | -0.03 | -0.46 | 0.41 | -0.05 | -0.52 | 0.42 | 0.12 | -0.38 | 0.61 | |||||
| - richest | 0.83 | 0.44 | 1.22 | -0.11 | -0.59 | 0.38 | -0.06 | -0.56 | 0.44 | 0.04 | -0.46 | 0.54 | |||||
| 2 | Mother’s education level (yrs) | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.14 | <0.001 | -0.03 | -0.06 | 0.01 | 0.12 | ||||
| Father's age (years) | |||||||||||||||||
| - 20–29 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| - 15–19 | -1.06 | -1.67 | -0.45 | <0.001 | -1.15 | -1.75 | -0.56 | <0.001 | -1.40 | -1.98 | -0.82 | <0.001 | |||||
| - ≥ 30 | -0.94 | -1.26 | -0.63 | -0.90 | -1.19 | -0.62 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 0.66 | ||||||||
| Unmarried | -3.45 | -4.10 | -2.80 | <0.001 | -3.27 | -3.96 | -2.58 | <0.001 | -3.62 | -4.24 | -3.00 | <0.001 | |||||
| Geographical area* | rho = 0.040 | rho = 0.035 | rho = 0.021 | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | Previous depression | ||||||||||||||||
| - never | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
| - one/two < 2 weeks | -1.08 | -1.49 | -0.66 | <0.001 | -0.90 | -1.31 | -0.49 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| - one ≥2 weeks | -1.70 | -2.43 | -0.96 | -1.34 | -1.97 | -0.70 | |||||||||||
| - both ≥ 2 weeks | -2.07 | -3.01 | -1.14 | -1.50 | -2.43 | -0.56 | |||||||||||
| IPV—in last year | -1.03 | -1.47 | -0.58 | <0.001 | -0.83 | -1.27 | -0.3899422 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| IPV—sexual abuse | -0.86 | -1.53 | -0.18 | 0.01 | -0.51 | -1.18 | 0.15 | 0.13 | |||||||||
| 4 | Mother's age (years) | ||||||||||||||||
| - 18–29 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| - 15–17 | -1.09 | -1.48 | -0.70 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||
| - ≥ 30 | 0.37 | -0.01 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||||
| Number of live children | -0.74 | -0.87 | -0.61 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Birth interval | |||||||||||||||||
| - first birth | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| - < 24 months | -1.85 | -2.21 | -1.49 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||
| - 2–3 years | -0.59 | -1.08 | -0.11 | ||||||||||||||
| - > 3 years | 0.49 | 0.07 | 0.92 | ||||||||||||||
| r2 goodness of fit | 0.0054 | 0.0766 | 0.1119 | 0.22 | |||||||||||||
*rho is the proportion of variation explained by differences in geographical area, derived from the variability of random intercepts in a random effects model