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. 2016 Oct 31;10(10):e0005091. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005091

Fig 4. Global distribution of Cambodian and Malagasy PvDBP duplications. PCR primers that detect Cambodian and Malagasy PvDBP duplications were tested in three P. vivax-endemic countries (Brazil, India, Ethiopia).

Fig 4

(A) Brazilian isolates 1 and 2 contain a Cambodian PvDBP duplication and a single PvDBP region, respectively. Note that the sizes (and sequences, S1 Fig) of the PCR products match the Cambodian PvDBP duplication detected by the BF+AR2 primers, but not the Malagasy PvDBP duplication detected by the BF+AR primers. (B) Indian isolates 1 and 2 lack Cambodian and Malagasy PvDBP duplications. (C) Ethiopian isolates 1, 2, and 3 contain a Malagasy PvDBP duplication, a Cambodian PvDBP duplication, and a single PvDBP region, respectively. (A-C) All isolates show bands for the positive control AF2+AR2 primers, and no bands for DNA-negative controls (-). (D) In the present study, the prevalence of Cambodian PvDBP duplication is 0/72 in India, 6/60 in Brazil, 14/25 in Ethiopia, and 57/198 in Cambodia, and the prevalence of Malagasy PvDBP duplication is 0/72 in India, 0/60 in Brazil, 2/25 in Ethiopia, and 0/198 in Cambodia. In a previous study [12], the prevalence of Malagasy PvDBP duplication was 4/32 in Sudan, 100/189 in Madagascar, and 3/33 in Cambodia.