Table 1.
Antidiabetic effects of AG in different studies.
| Reference | Preparation | Study model and duration | Pharmacological properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| [5] | Alkaloid extracted from AG | Hypercholesterolemic rabbits, 4 weeks | (i) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [6] | Ethanolic extract of AG seed | Alloxan induced diabetic mice, 15 days | (i) Hypoglycemic effects |
|
| |||
| [7] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Hypercholesterolemic rabbits, 3 days | (i) Significant reduced glucose levels, LDL-C, TC, AST, ALT, and fibrinogen (ii) The change in ApoB, factor VII, nitrite, and nitrate was not significant |
|
| |||
| [8] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Hypercholesterolemic rabbits, 3 days | (i) Significantly declined TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, and fibrinogen |
|
| |||
| [9] | Hexane extract of AG seed | High-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and diabetic rat, 4 weeks | (i) Normalized blood lipid and glucose (ii) Increased blood adiponectin levels (iii) Significantly motivated FA oxidation by induced expression of FA oxidation-related genes (especially with activation of PPAR alpha) and also inhibited TG accumulation |
|
| |||
| [10] | Methanolic extract of AG | In vitro | (i) Antioxidant activity |
|
| |||
| [11] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Patient with metabolic syndrome, 12 weeks | (i) Significantly reduced TG |
|
| |||
| [12] | Combined carnitine and hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Rat, 21 days | (i) AG does not improve serum lipids profiles |
|
| |||
| [13] | AG along with aerobic training | Type 2 diabetic patients, 4 weeks | (i) Hypoglycemic effects (ii) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [14] | AG leaves powder | Hyperlipidemic patients, 4 weeks | (i) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [15] | Ethanolic extract of AG | Hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in albino rats, 21 days | (i) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity |
|
| |||
| [16] | Ethanolic extract of AG | In vitro | (i) Antioxidant and antiradical and antityrosinase activity (ii) Inhibited lipid peroxidation |
|
| |||
| [17] | Aqueous extract of AG | Normal and scopolamine-induced amnestic rats, single dose | (i) Significant antistress and antioxidant memory enhancing and activity |
|
| |||
| [18] | AG tablet | STZ-induced diabetic mice, 21 days | (i) Significantly declined body weight, TG, and LDL-C and increased HDL (ii) The change of blood glucose was not significant |
|
| |||
| [19] | Ethanolic extract and oil of AG | In vitro | (i) Antioxidant activity (ethanolic extract had higher activity than essential oil) |
|
| |||
| [20] | AG powder | Hyperlipidemic rats, 30 days | (i) Significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activity (ii) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [21] | AG powder and essential oil | Hypercholesterolemic rat, 2 weeks | (i) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [22] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Type 1 diabetic rats, 10 days | (i) Normalized blood lipids (ii) Hypoglycemic effects (similar to glybenclamide) |
|
| |||
| [23] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Corticosteroid induced diabetic rats, 15 days | (i) Significantly declined both plasma glucose and insulin levels (ii) Antioxidant activity |
|
| |||
| [24] | Ethanolic extract of AG | Hyperlipidemic rats, 30 days | (i) Probably inhibited activity of HMG-CoA reductase (ii) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [25] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG seed extract | Rat, 6–168 hrs | (i) Antioxidant and antiradical activity (ii) Significantly reduced liver enzymes |
|
| |||
| [26] | Anethum tablet twice daily (650 mg) | Hyperlipidemic patients, 6 weeks | (i) Normalized blood lipids |
|
| |||
| [27] | Anethum tablet twice daily (650 mg) | Hyperlipidemic patients, one month | (i) Hypolipidemic effect |
|
| |||
| [28] | Hydroalcoholic extract of AG | Alloxan induced diabetic mice, 48 h | (i) Hypolipidemic effect (ii) Hypoglycemic effects |
|
| |||
| [29] | AG tablet | Hyperlipidemic patients, 1 month | (i) Hypolipidemic effect |