Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of AMD patients and age-matched control group with normal vision at baseline and follow-up.
| Baseline | Follow-up | Difference | p ∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 37) | ||||
| BCVA (logMAR) | 0.78 | 0.91 | 0.19 | <0.001 |
| Critical print size (p) | 6.89 | 25.78 | 18.89 | <0.001 |
| Magnification (×) | 3.74 | 5.64 | 1.91 | 0.004 |
| Reading distance (cm) | 20.11 | 19.28 | −0.83 | 0.436 |
| VFQ-NAS | 45.72 | 31.45 | −4.26 | <0.001 |
| VMB-V | 15.19 | 26.32 | 11.13 | <0.001 |
| VMB-M | 8.03 | 11.99 | 3.96 | 0.019 |
| VMB-B | 20.99 | 28.64 | 7.65 | <0.001 |
| Healthy, n (%) | 27 (73) | 18 (49) | −9 (33) | 0.007 |
| Type of visual aid | ||||
| Reading glasses, n (%) | 7 (19) | 3 (8) | −4 (43) | 0.157 |
| Bifocals, n (%) | 7 (19) | 0 (0) | −7 (100) | 0.008 |
| Progressives, n (%) | 4 (11) | 0 (0) | −4 (100) | 0.046 |
| Handheld aids, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| CCTV, n (%) | 3 (8) | 19 (51) | 16 (633) | <0.001 |
| Combination†, n (%) | 16 (43) | 15 (41) | −1 (6) | 0.819 |
|
| ||||
| Referents (n = 18) | ||||
| BCVA (logMAR) | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.030 |
| Critical print size (p) | 4.76 | 4.17 | −0.50 | 0.070 |
| Magnification (×) | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.588 |
| Reading distance (cm) | 40.91 | 36.44 | −4.47 | 0.026 |
| VFQ-NAS | 96.99 | 91.61 | −5.37 | 0.010 |
| VMB-V | 4.92 | 6.33 | 1.41 | 0.200 |
| VMB-M | 5.06 | 6.14 | 1.08 | 0.477 |
| VMB-B | 4.42 | 7.36 | 2.94 | 0.102 |
| Healthy, n (%) | 13 (72) | 12 (67) | −1 (8) | 0.655 |
| Type of visual aid | ||||
| Reading glasses, n (%) | 4 (22) | 3 (17) | −1 (25) | 0.564 |
| Bifocals, n (%) | 5 (28) | 3 (17) | −2 (40) | 0.157 |
| Progressives, n (%) | 9 (50) | 12 (67) | 3 (133) | 0.180 |
| Handheld aids, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| CCTV, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Combination†, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
∗ p values according to Wilcoxon signed rank test. †Any combination of two or more aids. BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; VFQ-NAS: Visual Function Questionnaire-Near Activities Subscale; VMB: visual, musculoskeletal, and balance complaints questionnaire.