Table 6.
Persistence of Fecally-derived viruses in coastal and estuarine sediments.
| Viral strain | Habitat | Temp (°C) | Salinity (PSU)a | Initial inoculation | Reduction | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coxsackievirus B3 Nancy | Estuarine sediment (mud, shell) and seawater | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~3.8 log in 20 days | Smith et al., 1978 | ||
| Estuarine sediment (sand) and seawater | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~4 log in 20 days | ||||
| Estuarine sediment (mud, sand) and seawater | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~2.7 log in 20 days | ||||
| Echovirus 1 Ferouk | Estuarine sediment (sand) and seawater | 30 | 25 | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~4 log in 10 days | |
| Estuarine sediment (mud, shell) and seawater | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~4 log in 18 days | ||||
| Estuarine sediment and seawater | 7-8 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~1 log in 6 days | LaBelle and Gerba, 1980 | |||
| Estuarine sediment (mud, sand) and seawater | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~1.5 log in 20 days | Smith et al., 1978 | |||
| Poliovirus 1 LSc | Estuarine sediment (mud, shell) and seawater | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~4 log in 14 days | |||
| Estuarine sediment (mud, sand) and seawater | 31 | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~4 log in 18 days | |||
| Estuarine sediment (sand) and seawater | 25 | ~7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~4 log in 7 days | |||
| Estuarine sediment and seawater | 31 | 30 | 7–8 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~2.5 log in 7 days | LaBelle and Gerba, 1980 | |
| 33 | 26 | 7–8 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~ 3.3 log in 6 days | |||
| 33 | 27 | 7–8 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~2.8 log in 6 days | |||
| Estuarine sediment and artificial seawater | 4 | ~6 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | Stable for 33 daysb | Liew and Gerba, 1980 | ||
| 24 | ~6 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~3 log10 over 33 days | ||||
| 37 | ~6 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | ~2 log in 4 days | ||||
| Estuarine sediment and seawater | 20–25 | 2–20 | 7.8 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | 7.3 log in 19 days | Rao et al., 1984 | |
| Estuarine suspended solids and seawater | 20–25 | 2–20 | 7.5 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | 5.8 log in 19 days | ||
| Estuarine “fluffy” sediments and seawater | 20–25 | 2–20 | 7.6 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | 6.5 log in 19 days | ||
| Simian Rotavirus SA11 | Estuarine sediment and seawater | 20–25 | 2–20 | 7.7 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | 4.7 log in 19 days | |
| Estuarine suspended solids and seawater | 20–25 | 2–20 | 7.9 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | 3.9 log in 19 days | ||
| Estuarine “fluffy” sediments and seawater | 20–25 | 2–20 | 7.6 log10 PFU 100 ml−1 | 5.6 log in 19 days |
a
Salinity assumed PSU = %0.
~Prefix represents viral abundance estimated from graphs.