Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics by inpatient PHQ-2 status
| PHQ-2 (+) (N=371) |
PHQ-2 (−) (N=100) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) range | 65 (13.4) 23–91 | 70 (11.4) 37–93 | <.01 |
| Male (N) | 64% (237) | 67% (67) | .56 |
| Caucasian (N) | 85% (315) | 86% (86) | .79 |
| NYHA class (N)a | 33% (123) | 61% (61) | |
| II | 39% (146) | 32% (32) | |
| III | 28% (103) | 7% (7) | |
| IV | <.01 | ||
| Ejection fraction, % (SD) | 25.8 (7.8) | 25.3 (7.1) | .51 |
| Myocardial infarction (N) | 51% (189) | 58% (58) | .25 |
| Post-CABG surgery (N) | 42% (158) | 41% (41) | .78 |
| Diabetic (N) | 42% (156) | 38% (38) | .47 |
| COPD (N) | 27% (101) | 25% (25) | .66 |
| Renal insufficiency (N)b | 25% (94) | 24% (24) | .78 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean (SD) | 12.6 (2.1) | 12.7 (1.9) | .72 |
| Sodium, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 138.6 (3.8) | 139.0 (4.0) | .38 |
| ACE-I or ARB use (N) | 74% (275) | 67% (67) | .16 |
| Beta-blocker use (N) | 83% (307) | 79% (79) | .39 |
| Coumadin use (N) | 37% (139) | 48% (48) | .06 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 134.2 (68.9) | 145.4 (124.7) | .39 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 78.9 (70.3) | 93.1 (131.2) | .30 |
| SF-12 MCSa | 44.4 (11.3) | 58.5 (6.8) | <.01 |
| SF-12 PCSa | 30.7 (9.2) | 34.3 (10.6) | <.01 |
| Anxiety disorder (N)a | 30% (110) | 1% (1) | <.01 |
| PHQ-9, mean (SD)a | 11.3 (4.5) | 3.5 (2.4) | <.01 |
| PHQ-9 (N)a | |||
| 0–4 | 5% (20) | 72% (72) | |
| 5–9 | 32% (119) | 27% (27) | <.01 |
| 10–14 | 36% (135) | 1% (1) | |
| 15+ | 26% (97) | 0% (0) | |
| Antidepressant use (N)c | 26% (97) | — | – |
Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive lung disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; SF-12 MCS, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Mental Component Scale; SF-12 PCS, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Physical Component Scale.
Differences by PHQ-2 status remained significant after controlling for multiple comparisons.
Renal Insufficiency defined as creatinine>1.7 mg/dl.
Antidepressant use at baseline was an exclusion criterion for inclusion in the PHQ-2 (−) study cohort. However, no PHQ-2 (−) patients were excluded for this reason.