Table 1.
Patient characteristics*
| Variable | Fee-for-Service (n = 92) | Pay-for-Performance (n = 89) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Male sex | 42 (45.7) | 47 (52.8) |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 62.8 (13.6) | 63.1 (12.9) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||
| Systolic BP at baseline, mean (SD), mmHg | 148.3 (13.7) | 150.3 (15.0) |
| Diastolic BP at baseline, mean (SD), mmHg | 83.3 (12.1) | 84.4 (12.1) |
| First-degree relative history of MI | 49 (53.3)† | 38 (42.7) |
| First-degree relative history of angina | 19 (20.7) | 28 (31.5) |
| First-degree relative history of stroke | 28 (30.4) | 29 (32.6) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 31.9 (7.5) | 31.7 (6.4) |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 106.4 (17.3) | 106.4 (16.3) |
| Elevated waist circumference (>102 cm in men, >88 cm in women) | 63 (68.5) | 63 (70.8) |
| Smoking | ||
| Current | 15 (16.3) | 17 (19.1) |
| Ex-smoker | 37 (40.2) | 41 (46.1) |
| Never | 38 (41.3) | 30 (33.7) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| One or more servings per day | 14 (15.2) | 14 (15.7) |
| Occasional | 49 (53.3) | 41 (46.1) |
| Salt added to food | ||
| Often/always | 16 (17.4) | 15 (16.9) |
| Sometimes | 23 (25.0) | 18 (20.2) |
| Self-reported cardiovascular comorbidities: | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 37 (40.2) | 34 (38.2) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 15 (16.3) | 16 (18.0) |
| History of MI | 4 (4.3) | 4 (4.5) |
| History of angina | 11 (12.0) | 12 (13.5) |
| History of heart failure | 0 | 2 (2.2) |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 12 (13.0) | 10 (11.2) |
| History of stroke | 4 (4.3) | 6 (6.7) |
| Dyslipidemia | 50 (54.3) | 43 (48.3) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3 (3.3)† | 8 (9.0) |
| Prior revascularization procedure | 8 (8.7) | 3 (3.4) |
| On antihypertensive drug therapy at baseline | 68 (73.9) | 69 (77.5) |
| Number (median, IQR) of drugs taken | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.0) |
SD, standard deviation; BP, blood pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IQR, interquartile range.
*
All data are given as numbers (percentages) unless otherwise indicated.
†
Characteristics with baseline differences between groups at p < 0.20 and therefore included in multivariable models.