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. 2016 May 23;211(4):1279–1294. doi: 10.1111/nph.13996

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© 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Biosynthetic pathway of triterpenic acids in apple (Malus × domestica). Triterpenes are synthesized via the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway. The enzymes that catalyse the various steps are indicated in blue. IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; FPP, farnesyl diphosphate; OSC, oxidosqualene cyclase; CYP450, cytochrome P450. MdOSCs are underlined when they catalyse the production of the specific triterpene considered as a major component. CYP716A175 catalyses the three‐step oxidation of triterpene backbones at the C‐28 position.