Table 16. Antimalarial drugs: inconsistent studies of pregnancy-associated pharmacokinetic changes (percent calculated as pregnant/nonpregnant values).

Drug [Reference]	Number of Studies	Total Number of Women (Nonpregnant/Pregnant)	Average Quality	Distribution Parameters	Exposure Parameters	Elimination Parameters	Potential Sources for Inconsistency	Trimester
DHA (active metabolite of artesunate) [192–194,197,198]	5	169/184	18.5	V d 67%, V d 97% (74%–108%)	AUC 106% (82%–129%), AUC 88% (81%–112%), C max 113% (92%–114%) &	Cl 95% (80%–110%), Cl 106% (89%–123%), t 1/2 79%, t 1/2 84% (76%–97%)	Different disease severity, different pregnancy and nonpregnancy stages	2nd–3rd
Pyrimethamine [199,200]	2	107/127	19.5	Inconsistent data for V d #	C max 149% (142%–159%) & , inconsistent data for AUC #	Inconsistent data for Cl # , t 1/2 160% (132%–189%), t 1/2 107%	Different study designs, quality and quantity of controls and genetic variations	2nd–3rd
Sulfadoxine [199,200]	2	107/127	19.5	Inconsistent data for V d #	C max 135% & , C max 92% & , AUC 83% (67%–99), AUC 83%	Cl 125% (100%–151%), Cl 125%, t 1/2 80% (74%–86), t 1/2 89%	Different study designs, quality and quantity of controls and genetic variations	2nd–3rd

Significant results are marked in bold.

^&Parameter not reported in all studies.

^#Number not provided.