Figure 18.

(A) Schematic description of fluorescent sensing of Hg²⁺ based on the SWNTs and T-rich DNA. (B) A schematic to illustrate the nano-C60-based fluorescent Ag⁺ detection based on conformational change of an Ag⁺- specific C-rich OND. (C) Schematic representation of the ssDNA–GO architecture platform for multiplex target detection. (D) Schematic illustration of the FRET model based on CDs–graphene and the mechanism of K+ determination. (A: Adapted from [266] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry, B: Adapted from [267] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry, C: Adapted from [279] with permission of Elsevier, D: Adapted from [296] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry)