Specificity of transcript recognition by MCPIP-1. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) in E. coli-infected HeLa cells and mock-infected cells (C) were compared by qPCR. The left panel (lysates) shows transcript levels in unprocessed whole-cell lysates. The right panel (RNA-IP) shows transcript levels in the pull-down fraction obtained by immunoprecipitation of cell lysates with anti-MCPIP-1 antibodies. For each cytokine, the transcript level in mock-infected cells was defined as 1. Therefore, in both panels, the C bar represents the transcript level for each cytokine in mock-infected cells. Results are representative of three independent experiments.