Potential targets to prevent endothelial dysfunction and renal interstitial fibrosis. During progressive kidney fibrosis peritubular capillaries recruit inflammatory cells, have increased vascular permeability and vasoconstriction, and undergo rarefaction. Endothelial dysfunction may also lead to pericyte detachment, proliferation, migration and transformation to myofibroblasts. Strategies to enhance endothelial function by promoting survival or angiogenesis (VEGF121), preserving mitochondrial function (SS31), preventing leukocyte adhesion molecule expression and enhancing vascular barrier function (S1P1, IGF1R) may reduce fibrosis.