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. 2016 Apr 15;7(6):824–832. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12516

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Berberine (BBR) through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) prevents the impairment of endothelium‐dependent relaxation induced by homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) in isolated mouse aortas. (a) The isolated mouse aortic rings were exposed to HTL (1 mmol/L) for 1 h after pre‐incubation with BBR (10, 50, 100 μmol/L) for 30 min. The endothelium‐dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (Ach) was assayed by organ chamber. All data were expressed as mean ± SE of the mean. Each group n = 5. *P < 0.05 vs control, # P < 0.05 vs HTL alone. (b) The isolated mouse aortic rings were exposed to HTL (1 mmol/L) for 1 h after pre‐incubation with BBR (100 μmol/L) for 30 min with GW9662 (0.01, 0.1 mmol/L). The endothelium‐dependent relaxation induced by Ach was assayed by organ chamber. All data are expressed as mean ± SE of the mean. Each group n = 5. *P < 0.05 vs HTL alone, # P < 0.05 vs HTL+BBR. (c) Endothelium‐independent relaxation was assayed in all groups by using sodium nitroprusside (SNP).