Table 2.
Summary of previous reports
| Case no. | Literature | Age/sex (ethnicity) | Primary diagnosis | Pertinent history | Anti‐PD‐1 drug | Other chemotoxins | Preceding viral infection | Diabetes presentation | CPR and glucose | Time after anti‐PD‐1 | Islet cell autoantibodies | HLA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Okamoto et al. | 55 F (Japanese) | Malignant melanoma | Dyslipidemia gastric ulcer | Nivolumab | Dacarbazine, nimustine, cisplatin, tamoxifen | (–) | Ketonuria 580 mg/dL HbA1c 7.0% | 1.0 ng/dL and 580 mg/dL | 12 months | GAD (–) ICA (–) IA‐2 (–) ZnT8 (–) | DRB1*04:05, DQB1*04:01 |
| 2 | Hughes et al.4 | 55 F (Not listed) | Malignant melanoma | Autoimmune thyroid disease | Nivolumab | Ipilimumab, prednisone | Not listed | DKA 532 mg/dL HbA1c 6.9% | <0.1 ng/dL and 52 mg/dL | 5 months | None | A2.1+, DR4+ |
| 3 | Hughes et al.4 | 83 F (Not listed) | Non‐small‐cell lung cancer | Remote smoker | Nivolumab | None | Not listed | DKA 350 mg/dL HbA1c 7.7% | <0.1 ng/dL and 336 mg/dL | <1 month | GAD (+) | A2.1+, DR4+ |
| 4 | Hughes et al.4 | 63 M (Not listed) | Renal cell cartinoma | Hypertension | Nivolumab | Proleukin, bevacizumab, interferon | Not listed | Random glucose 247 mg/dL HbA1c 8.2% | 1.3 ng/dL and 79 mg/dL | 4 months | GAD (+) ICA (+) IAA (+) | A2.1+, DR4+ |
| 5 | Hughes et al.4 | 58 M (Not listed) | Small‐cell lung cancer | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Nivolumab | Carboplatin/etoposide, paclitaxel | Not listed | DKA 749 mg/dL HbA1c 9.7% | <0.1 ng/dL and 284 mg/dL | 1 week | GAD (+) | A2.1+ |
| 6 | Hughes et al.4 | 64 F (Not listed) | Malignant melanoma | Autoimmune thyroid disease psoriasis | Pembrolizumab | None | Not listed | Ketonuria 703 mg/dL HbA1c 7.4% | 0.5 ng/dL and 268 mg/dL | <1 month | None | DR4+ |
| 7 | Martin‐Liberal et al.3 | 54 F (Not listed) | Malignant melanoma | Asthma | Pembrolizumab | Ipilimumab | Not listed | DKA BS, HbA1c: not shown | Not listed | 6 weeks (after three infusions) | GAD (+) ICA (–) IAA (–) | DRB1*04, DQB1*03:02 (HLA A2 DR4 DQ8) |
| 8 | Mellati et al.2 | 70 M (Not listed) | Adenocarcinoma of the lung | Not listed | (Anti‐PD‐L1 Ab) | Not listed | Not listed | DKA 411 mg/dL HbA1c 9.8% | 0.3 ng/dL and 411 mg/dL | 15 weeks | GAD (–) IAA (–) | Not listed |
| 9 | Mellati et al.2 | 66 F (Not listed) | Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the jaw | Not listed | Anti‐PD‐1 Ab | Not listed | Not listed | DKA 752 mg/dL HbA1c 9.4% | <0.1 ng/dL and 752 mg/dL | 7 weeks | GAD (+) ICA (–) IAA (–) ZnT8 (–) | DR3‐DQ2/DR4‐DR8 |
| 10 | Gaudy et al.5 | 44 F (Caucasian) | Malignant melanoma | Autoimmune thyroid disease | Pembrolizumab | Ipilimumab | (–) | DKA 908 mg/dL HbA1c 6.85% | Undetectable | 5 weeks | GAD (–) ICA (–) | Not listed |
Ab, antibodies; CPR, C‐peptide; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; F, female; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IA‐2, insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2; IAA, insulin autoantibody; ICA, islet cell antibody; M, male; PD‐1, programmed cell death‐1; PD‐L1, programmed cell death ligand‐1; ZnT8, zinc transporter 8.