Table 3.
Effect of seed soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on polyphenol contents in Brassica juncea seedlings grown under imidacloprid (IMI) toxicity.
| TREATMENT | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBR (nM) | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
| IMI (mg/L) | 0 | 0 | 150 | 150 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 250 |
| POLYPHENOL CONTENT (μg/g fr. wt.) | ||||||||
| Gallic acid | – | – | – | 3.62 ± 0.17 | – | – | – | – |
| Catechin | 16.86 ± 3.39 | 62.15 ± 4.88 | 6.76 ± 1.09 | 25.31 ± 4.27 | 59.20 ± 7.59 | 206.17 ± 16.25 | 14.05 ± 2.43 | 16.93 ± 0.63 |
| Chlorogenic acid | – | 18.22 ± 2.32 | 8.74 ± 0.97 | 25.31 ± 5.37 | 16.10 ± 4.32 | 58.85 ± 7.53 | 4.81 ± 0.76 | 4.36 ± 0.65 |
| Caffeic acid | 50.05 ± 5.99 | 29.43 ± 4.14 | 49.30 ± 2.77 | 49.22 ± 8.71 | 30.35 ± 4.57 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 104.71 ± 8.40 | 61.58 ± 5.32 |
| Rutin | 11.39 ± 2.12 | – | 24.28 ± 4.54 | 13.62 ± 3.43 | – | 13.11 ± 1.07 | 24.46 ± 4.78 | 31.76 ± 6.15 |
| Ellagic acid | 1.70 ± 0.18 | – | 5.98 ± 0.68 | 2.35 ± 0.11 | – | – | 2.50 ± 0.25 | 1.18 ± 0.03 |
| tert-Butyl hydroquinone | 0.15 ± 0.02 | – | 3.27 ± 0.39 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 1.80 ± 0.04 | 3.05 ± 0.21 | 1.67 ± 0.22 | 0.31 ± 0.08 |
| Quercetin | 1.77 ± 0.14 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | 1.33 ± 0.11 | 1.16 ± 0.24 | 10.54 ± 1.23 | – | 2.86 ± 0.28 | 23.87 ± 3.31 |
| Kaempferol | 97.80 ± 10.22 | 89.20 ± 16.63 | 100.34 ± 11.53 | 98.18 ± 12.76 | 164.86 ± 31.81 | 80.03 ± 17.69 | 88.27 ± 18.58 | 216.33 ± 28.73 |
| Total | 179.7c ± 21.19 | 199.0c ± 19.62 | 199.9c ±7.95 | 238.3b ± 28.62 | 282.8d ± 23.99 | 361.9a ± 14.14 | 243.3b ± 18.96 | 356.3a ± 37.86 |
| F-ratios and HSD for total polyphenol content, FIMI = 456.66***, FEBR = 34.556***, FIMI × EBR = 34.555***, HSD = 23.33* | ||||||||
| Multiple linear regression equation | β regression coefficients | MLR | ANN | |||||
| βIMI | βEBR | βIMI × EBR | r | r (validation) | ||||
| Polyphenol content (μg/g fr. wt.) = 177.1 + 0.329 X1 + 0.0947 X2 + 0.0035 X1X2 | 0.4494 | 0.0691 | 0.5156 | 0.8619*** | 0.8738*** | |||
Statistical analysis was done only for total polyphenol content. For individual polyphenol, statistical analysis was not done due to non-uniformity in their detection using HPLC. (−) means not detected. Treatments with same superscripts indicates no significant difference at p < 0.05. r, correlation coefficient.
*, and ***
indicate significant at p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, X1, IMI; X2, EBR. Data are mean ± standard deviation (three biological replicates), two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN).