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(a) The activation process was performed by applying repeated cycles of ±9 V, 5 Hz sine wave bias (sampling frequency = 10 kHz) at room temperature. (b) After activation, the devices exhibited hysteretic I–V behavior with two distinct states: LRS-1 with a resistance near 200 Ω and LRS-2 at roughly 310 Ω. (c) Stability of the two distinct LRS over repeated voltage cycling after the device was fully operational.
