Figure 4. Metformin inhibits formation of FeCl₃-induced carotid arterial thrombosis and partial inferior vena cava ligation induced venous thrombosis in animals.

Decreases weight (A,E) and length (B,E) of arterial thrombus in diabetic and normal rats (pre-treated with 400 mg/kg/d metformin for 7 d). Decreases weight (C,F) and length (D,F) of venous thrombus in normal and diabetic rats. (G) Reduces mortality from pulmonary thromboembolism in diabetic and normal mice (metformin: 400 mg/kg/d, 7 d). (H) Thromboelastogram of whole blood from rats treated with or without metformin. (I) Does not significantly prolong bleeding times in normal and diabetic C57/BL6 mice (metformin: 400 mg/kg/d, 7 d). (J) Reduces bleeding risk (increased bleeding time %/inhibited thrombosis %) in diabetic and normal rats compared with the use of aspirin. (K) Metformin decreases the incidence of gastric ulcer in normal rats compared with the use of aspirin (metformin: 400 mg/kg/d, 60 d. Aspirin: 30 mg/kg/d, 60 d). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. n = 9–10. *P < 0.05 vs control, ^#P < 0.05 vs aspirin.