Figure 4.
Simplified depiction of the bending instability with and without auxiliary electrodes. In both cases there is a straight jet region until the onset of the bending instability. Note that the electrical forces imposed on the jet lead to a strong narrowing of the bending instability in the horizontal direction, but also diminish its extent in the vertical direction. The spiraling trajectory is idealized and does not necessarily resemble those occurring during electrospinning.