Table 2.

Comparison between nozzle electrospinning and free-surface electrospinning.

Process	Advantages	Disadvantages
Nozzle	• Spinning solution with a wide range of viscosity	• Electrical field interference between nozzles
electrospinning	• Spinning at relatively low voltage	• Difficult to maintain (cleaning of nozzle)
	• Collector can be placed in any direction relative to the nozzle	• Difficult to maintain a uniform feed rate through each orifice
	• Fabrication of fibers with various configurations (e.g. core-sheath, multicomponent and hollow fibers)
	• Easy to translate experimental data from spinning with a single needle nozzle
Free-surface	• Easy maintenance	• Very high voltage required
electrospinning	• Easy to provide sufficient solution	• Difficult to maintain consistent solution viscosity owing to solvent evaporation