Table 2.
Milestones of alginate and its composite nanoparticles preparation and applications in chronological order.
| Polymer | Method of fabrication | Particle size (nm) | Remarks | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alginate | Control of the gel formation of alginate by calcium ions | 250–850 | Evaluation for the drug- loading capacity with doxorubicin as a model drug | [27] |
| Alginate | Gelation in presence of calcium ions and further crosslinking with poly-L-lysine | – | Nanosponges are new antisense oligonucleotide carrier system for specific delivery to lungs, liver and spleen | [169] |
| Sodium alginate and BSA | Emulsion solidification method | 166±34 | Determination of the kinetic parameters of 5-FU sodium alginate-125I BSA nanoparticles metabolism | [170] |
| Calcium alginate | Water-in-oil microemulsion followed by calcium crosslinking of glucoronic acid units | 80 | Examination of the nanoparticles for their potency as carriers for gene delivery | [171] |
| Alginate and chitosan | Ionotropic pre-gelation of alginate with calcium chloride followed by complexation between alginate and chitosan | 764–2209 | Monitor the complexation of contrary charged polyelectrolytes as insulin nanoparticulate carriers | [172] |
| Alginate and chitosan | Induction of a pre-gel with calcium counters ions, followed by polyelectrolyte complex coating with chitosan | 850±88 | Development of an oral insulin delivery system having mild formulation conditions, high insulin entrapment efficiency for gastrointestinal release | [104] |
| Alginate and chitosan | Induction of a pre-gel with calcium counters ions, followed by polyelectrolyte complex coating with chitosan | 750 | In vivo evaluation of the pharmacological activity of the insulin loaded nanoparticles | [173] |
| Alginate | Gelation in presence of calcium ions and further crosslinking with Eudragit E-100 | 200–950 | In vitro release study revealed sustained release of gliclazide from gliclazide loaded alginate nanoparticles | [174] |
| Alginate | Modified coacervation or ionotropic gelation method | 205–572 | Optimization of mucoadhesive nanoparticulate carrier systems for prolonged ocular delivery of the drug | [175] |