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Increase in zone of inhibition for E.coli upon incubation in the dark and under illumination in the presence of photocatalytic paper. No inhibition zone was observed for the control sample without ZnO nanorods. The antibacterial activity increased by almost threefold upon illumination with a tungsten halogen lamp at an intensity of only 11 Wm–2 at the sample position. The activity in the dark is due to the bactericidal properties of zinc oxide.
