(A) Representative western blotting images of pERK and total ERK protein level in whole cell lysates from ESdM cells pretreated with U0126 (10 µM) for 30 min prior to treatment with alcohol (100 mM) for 5–60 min, subjected to western blotting analysis and probed with anti-ERK, anti-ERK, then anti-β-actin antibody. (B) Graphical representation of fold change of ERK level when compared with total ERK control normalized to β-actin loading control ± SEM. (C) Representative western blot images of pERK and total ERK protein in whole cell lysates from ESdM cells pretreated with PD98095 (20 µM) for 1 h prior to alcohol (100 mM) treatment for 5–60 min, subjected to western blot analysis and probed with anti-ERK, anti-ERK, then anti-β-actin antibody. (D) Graphical representation of fold change of pERK expression as compared with total ERK normalized to β-actin loading control ± SEM. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA; data points represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.002.