Fig. 3. PCAIWF is a pan-VEGF inhibitor.

(A) Representation of the VEGF family, their receptors, and pattern of interaction. (B to F) Recombinant proteins for the human VEGFR-3 (B), VEGFR-2 (C and E), and VEGFR-1 (D and F) extracellular domains were immobilized on microtiter wells and incubated with the human ligands VEGF-C (B and C), PlGF (D), and VEGF-A (E and F) in the presence or absence of synthetic peptides PCAIWF and PSAIWF or the scramble control peptide (IFCAPW). Growth factors bound to the wells were quantified by FLISA using immunospecific antibodies and fluorescent detection. Bars represent means ± SEM from duplicate wells. Statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Tukey’s multiple comparison test) (*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001).