TABLE 4.
Baseline demographic characteristics of patients and healthy controls and their households
| Patients | Healthy controls | p-value# | ||
| Intervention | All | All | ||
| Subjects n | 135 | 282 | 262 | |
| General | ||||
| Age years median (interquartile range) | 30 (21–45) | 28 (21–44) | 25 (11–44) | 0.02 |
| Male % (95% CI) | 64 (55–72) | 62 (56–67) | 50 (44–56) | 0.006 |
| Socioeconomic | ||||
| Education level % (95% CI) | ||||
| Preschool minor | 3 (0–6) | 2 (0–4) | 5 (2–8) | 0.1 |
| Illiterate | 3 (0–6) | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 0.5 |
| Primary school incomplete | 12 (6–17) | 9 (6–12) | 12 (8–17) | 0.2 |
| Primary school complete | 10 (5–15) | 7 (4–10) | 11 (7–15) | 0.1 |
| Secondary school incomplete | 29 (22–37) | 27 (22–33) | 21 (16–26) | 0.1 |
| Secondary school complete | 27 (20–35) | 32 (27–38) | 32 (26–38) | 0.8 |
| Higher education | 16 (10–22) | 20 (16–25) | 11 (7–15) | 0.01 |
| Employment % (95% CI) | ||||
| Paid employment | 28 (20–36) | 29 (24–35) | 39 (33–45) | 0.02 |
| Unpaid employment | 25 (17–32) | 23 (18–28) | 16 (12–21) | 0.05 |
| Student | 6 (2–10) | 8 (5–12) | 30 (24–36) | <0.0001 |
| Minor | 3 (0–6) | 2 (0–4) | 5 (2–8) | 0.1 |
| Unemployed | 36 (28–44) | 36 (30–41) | 6 (3–9) | <0.0001 |
| Monthly household income Peruvian Soles mean (95% CI) | ||||
| Throughout entire illness | 1190 (1071–1309) | 1231 (1138–1325) | 2204 (2002–2407) | <0.0001 |
| Pre-treatment | 1358 (1206–1510) | 1316 (1210–1421) | NA | NA |
| Intensive phase | 1091 (976–1207) | 1109 (1011–1206) | NA | <0.0001¶ |
| Maintenance phase | 1082 (958–1207) | 1155 (1050–1261) | NA | 0.004+ |
| Crowding people/room mean (95% CI) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 2 (1.8–2.1) | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) | 0.08 |
| Proportion poor % (95% CI) | ||||
| Poorer tercile | 41 (32–49) | 39 (34–45) | 27 (22–32) | 0.002 |
| Poor tercile | 30 (23–38) | 33 (27–38) | 36 (30–42) | 0.4 |
| Less poor tercile | 29 (21–37) | 28 (23–33) | 37 (31–43) | 0.03 |
| Days went to bed hungry in the past month mean (95% CI) | 1.7 (1.0–2.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.5 (0.1–0.9) | 0.003 |
| TB and health | ||||
| Sputum smear positive % (95% CI) | 40 (32–48) | 40 (34–45) | 0 | NA |
| MDR % (95% CI) | 7 (2–11) | 9 (5–12) | 0 | NA |
| Previous TB episode % (95% CI) | 18 (11–25) | 23 (18–28) | 5 (0–15) | 0.05 |
| BMI (mean (95% CI)) | 22 (21–23) | 22 (21–22) | 24 (23–25) | <0.001 |
There was no significant difference between household income comparing intensive versus maintenance phase. TB: tuberculosis; MDR: multidrug resistant; BMI: body mass index; NA: not applicable. #: compare all healthy controls versus all patients using univariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex; ¶: pre-treatment versus intensive phase; +: pre-treatment versus maintenance phase.