Table 1.
Model specifications for alternative factor models of ASD
| DSM‐5 ASD symptoms | Model 1 DSM‐5 1‐Factor | Model 2 Alternate 3‐Factor | Model 3 DSM‐IV 4‐Factora | Model 4 Alternate 5‐Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1. Intrusive memories, thoughts | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Re‐ex | Re‐ex |
| B2. Nightmares | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Re‐ex | Re‐ex |
| B3. Flashbacks | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Re‐ex | Re‐ex |
| B4a. Psychological distress to remindersa | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Re‐ex | Re‐ex |
| B4b. Physiological reactivitya | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Re‐ex | Re‐ex |
| B5. Emotional numbingb | ASD | Diss | Diss | Diss |
| B6a. Altered sense of reality: loss of awarenessc | ASD | Diss | Diss | Diss |
| B6b. Altered sense of reality: Derealizationc | ASD | Diss | Diss | Diss |
| B6c. Altered sense of reality: Depersonalizationc | ASD | Diss | Diss | Diss |
| B7. Amnesia | ASD | Diss | Diss | Diss |
| B8. Avoid thinking/conversations | ASD | Av | Av | Av |
| B9. Avoid places/things/people | ASD | Av | Av | Av |
| B10. Difficulty sleeping | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Ar | Dys‐Ar |
| B11. Irritability | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Ar | Dys‐Ar |
| B12 Difficulty concentrating | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Ar | Dys‐Ar |
| B13. Hyper‐vigilance | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Ar | Anx‐Ar |
| B14. Startle | ASD | Re‐ex/Ar | Ar | Anx‐ar |
Diss, dissociation; Av, avoidance; Ar, arousal; Re‐ex, re‐experiencing; Dys‐Ar, dysphoric arousal; Anx‐ar, anxious arousal; ASD, Acute Stress Disorder.
a
DSM‐IV symptoms (C: psychological distress to reminders; E: Physiological reactivity) are grouped under the one symptom in DSM‐5 (DSM‐5 B4).
b
DSM‐IV emotional numbing (B1) is reworded in DSM‐5 to describe absence of positive emotional experiences (DSM‐5 B5).
c
DSM‐IV reduction in awareness of surroundings (B2), derealization (B3), and depersonalization (B4) are grouped under DSM‐5 Altered Sense of Reality (B)6.