Table 3. Prevalence of individual protozoan species amongst migrant workers according to nationality, employment sector, education, accommodation type and years of residence in Malaysia.
Prevalence (%) ± 95% confidence limits | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | Level | n | Entamoeba | Giardia | Cryptosporodium |
Nationality | |||||
Indonesia | 167 | 13.8 [8.58–21.12] | 8.4 [4.46–14.88] | 1.2 [0.17–5.13] | |
Bangladesh | 70 | 2.9 [0.61–9.70] | 10.0 [4.82–19.14] | 2.9 [0.61–9.70] | |
Myanmar | 23 | 13.0 [3.66–32.35] | 8.7 [1.57–27.81] | 4.3 [0.23–21.25] | |
India | 47 | 12.8 [4.59–28.56] | 10.6 [3.35–26.30] | 10.6 [3.35–26.30] | |
Nepal | 81 | 13.6 [7.00–24.50] | 17.3 [9.56–28.64] | 2.5 [0.38–10.00] | |
Employment Sector | |||||
Construction | 47 | 2.1 [0.12–14.67] | 8.5 [2.23–23.41] | 2.1 [0.12–14.67] | |
Manufacturing | 61 | 11.5 [6.06–20.22] | 14.8 [8.38–24.12] | 3.3 [0.88–9.62] | |
Plantation workers | 71 | 1.4 [0.14–7.63] | 8.5 [3.69–17.34] | 1.4 [0.14–7.63] | |
Food services | 104 | 15.4 [10.86–21.19] | 13.5 [9.22–19.01] | 7.7 [4.65–12.40] | |
Domestic services | 105 | 19.0 [13.90–25.38] | 8.6 [5.31–13.52] | 0 [0–1.96] | |
Educational Level | |||||
Primary only | 166 | 9.0 [4.99–15.57] | 9.0 [4.99–15.57] | 3.0 [1.00–7.71] | |
High school | 160 | 15.6 [10.15–22.95] | 13.8 [8.66–20.89] | 3.1 [1.10–7.76] | |
University | 8 | 0 [0–36.46] | 0 [0–36.46] | 0 [0–36.46] | |
No formal education | 54 | 9.3 [4.69–16.96] | 9.3 [4.69–16.96] | 3.7 [1.17–9.72] | |
Accommodation | |||||
Hostel/ Employer | 272 | 9.6 [6.95–12.97] | 12.1 [9.18–15.81] | 3.7 [2.16–6.06] | |
Own/rented house | 116 | 16.4 [11.47–22.62] | 7.8 [4.57–12.79] | 1.7 [0.51–5.05] | |
Years of residence | |||||
Less than 1 year | 134 | 13.4 [8.75–19.79] | 16.4 [11.22–23.18] | 2.2 [0.72–6.15] | |
More than 1 year | 254 | 10.6 [7.92–14.03] | 7.9 [5.60–10.96] | 3.5 [2.10–5.81] |