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. 2016 Oct 21;5(10):e16158. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2016.158

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Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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(a–c) Snapshots of a trapped S. meliloti aggregate consisting of four attached, self-aligned cells in TY medium, being gradually stretched from two ends and eventually broken up into two pieces by the TOW optical tweezers. (d–f) Similarly dynamic process for the disassembly of an asymmetrically shaped S. meliloti cluster grown in TY medium (Supplementary Movie 2). (g, h) Strong binding of several S. meliloti cells in PYE medium into a cluster g, which remains intact under the action of the TOW tweezers h.