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M-CSF-generated macrophages are activated in response to HSV-1 in the absence of TLR9. M-CSF macrophage cultures (2.5 × 106 cells per ml) from WT or TLR9 KO mice were stimulated with HSV-1 or CpG-2216 and the supernatants were tested by ELISA for the production of IFN-α. Error bars represent the range of duplicate samples. Data are representative of one of three replicate experiments.
