Table 4.
Lead content as related to volumetric bone density measurements. Bone lead at the mid-tibia, bone lead at the calcaneus and the blood:bone lead partition coefficients (PBB) were each related to volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) integral (vBMDi), trabecular (vBMDtr) and cortical (vBMDC) values, and volumetric bone mineral content (vBMC) integral (vBMCi), trabecular (vBMCtr) and cortical (vBMCC) values. All base (left) and covariate adjusted models were reported with unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. All coefficients were expressed per 1 μg lead/g of bone mineral difference.
| Variable | N | R2 | Unstandardized B (95% CI) |
B (95% CI) Age & BMI-adjusted |
B (95% CI) Age & diabetes-adjusted |
B (95% CI) Age & antiresorptives-adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone Pb at calcaneus | ||||||
| vBMDi | 34 | 0.020 | 0.74 (−1.13, 2.61) | 1.35 (−0.48, 3.17) | 0.68 (−1.14, 2.50) | 0.27 (−1.65, 2.18) |
| vBMDc | 34 | 0.009 | −0.33 (−1.56, 0.90) | −0.26 (−1.49, 0.97) | −0.27 (−1.45, 0.91) | −0.72 (−1.85, 0.41) |
| vBMDtr | 34 | 0.090 | 0.78 (−0.11, 1.67) | 1.07 (0.20, 1.94) | 0.77 (−0.13, 1.68)b | 0.63 (−0.31, 1.58) |
| vBMCi | 34 | 0.118 | 1.32 (0.02, 2.62) | 1.66 (0.36, 2.95) | 1.36 (0.06, 2.66) | 1.33 (−0.04, 2.70)b |
| vBMCc | 34 | 0.001 | −0.07 (−0.84, 0.69) | 0.12 (−0.61, 0.86) | −0.07 (−0.77, 0.63) | −0.23 (−0.96, 0.51) |
| vBMCtr | 34 | 0.101 | 0.85 (−0.06, 1.76)b | 0.93 (−0.04, 1.90)b | 0.90 (−0.02, 1.83)b | 0.99 (0.01, 1.97) |
| Bone Pb at tibia | ||||||
| vBMDi | 34 | 0.065 | −2.22 (−5.18, 0.73) | −1.58 (−4.75, 1.59) | −2.10 (−5.16, 0.96) | −3.05 (−6.05, −0.05) |
| vBMDc | 34 | 0.018 | −0.77 (−2.77, 1.23) | −0.26 (−1.90, 1.39) | −0.09 (−2.14, 1.96) | −0.75 (−2.68, 1.18) |
| vBMDtr | 34 | 0.015 | −0.54 (−2.06, 0.98) | −0.07 (−2.15, 2.02) | −0.45 (−2.09, 1.19) | −0.86 (−2.47, 0.75) |
| vBMCi | 34 | 0.013 | −0.73 (−2.94, 1.47) | −0.13 (−2.50, 2.25) | −0.31 (−2.67, 2.04) | −0.63 (−3.04, 1.77) |
| vBMCc | 34 | 0.102 | −1.13 (−2.30, 0.04) | 0.75 (−0.92, 2.42) | −0.84 (−2.01, 0.33) | −1.15 (−2.32, 0.01)b |
| vBMCtr | 34 | 0.014 | 0.51 (−1.01, 2.03) | −0.66 (−1.87, 0.55) | 0.77 (−0.86, 2.39) | 0.81 (−0.90, 2.51) |
| Blood:bone (calcaneus) lead partition coefficient (PBB) | ||||||
| vBMDi | 34 | 0.115 | −24.49 (−49.80, 0.81) | −26.83 (−50.37, −3.29) | −21.74 (−46.60, 3.11)b | −18.28 (−44.61, 8.05) |
| vBMDc | 34 | 0.003 | −2.42 (−19.58, 14.74) | −2.66 (−19.25, 13.93) | −1.67 (−18.28, 14.95) | −15.78 (−34.85, 3.28) |
| vBMDtr | 34 | 0.182 | −15.05 (−26.95, −3.14) | −16.14 (−27.32, −4.97) | −14.40 (−26.58, −2.23) | −13.09 (−25.81, −0.36) |
| vBMCi | 34 | 0.104 | −16.31 (−34.11, 1.49) | −17.62 (−34.65, −0.58) | −15.62 (−33.67, 2.43)b | −6.81 (−21.35, 7.72) |
| vBMCc | 34 | 0.017 | −3.71 (−14.27, 6.84) | −4.53 (−14.08, 5.02) | −2.54 (−12.35, 7.28) | 3.52 (−12.70, 19.73) |
| vBMCtr | 34 | 0.024 | −5.53 (−18.82, 7.77) | −5.77 (−19.54, 8.00) | −6.34 (−20.06, 7.38) | −1.39 (−11.90, 9.12) |
Bold
indicates relationships that were significant at the α = 0.05 level.
indicates relationships that were significant at the α = 0.10 level.